A short guide
What is a credit note?
A credit note reduces what a customer owes on an invoice you have already sent: goods came back, you charged too much, you agreed a discount afterwards, or part of the work was cancelled. HMRC says it must reflect a genuine mistake, overcharge or agreed reduction, and give the customer a real right to the money, refunded or taken off what they owe.
Source: HMRC, VAT Notice 700, section 18.2.3, Valid credit notes, checked on gov.uk on 5 October 2026.
What must a credit note show?
- Its own number and the date it is issued.
- Your name, address and VAT registration number.
- Your customer's name and address.
- A description of the goods or services credited, with the quantity and amount of each.
- The total credited, before VAT.
- The rate and amount of VAT credited, in pounds.
- The number and date of the original VAT invoice.
Source: HMRC, VAT Notice 700, section 18.2.3, checked on gov.uk on 5 October 2026.
Which VAT rate does a credit note use?
The rate in force when the original supply was made, not today's. Any zero-rated or exempt items credited are totalled on their own, and the note makes clear that no VAT credit is allowed on them: the tool adds that line for you whenever a zero-rated line is credited.
Source: HMRC, VAT Notice 700, sections 18.2.4 and 18.2.5, checked on gov.uk on 5 October 2026.
Correcting a mistake on an invoice
A credit note that corrects an error in a VAT invoice should refer to that invoice's number and date and show both the correct and the incorrect amounts of VAT. Choose Overcharged in error and start from an invoice made here, and the terms state the VAT the invoice showed and the VAT it should have shown.
Source: HMRC, VAT Notice 700, section 19.8, checked on gov.uk on 5 October 2026.
When must it be issued?
Within 14 days of the refund being paid to the customer. If you and your customer agree not to adjust the VAT, the note should say “This is not a credit note for VAT”, and you still adjust your own records for your VAT Return.
Source: HMRC, VAT Notice 700, section 18.2.3, checked on gov.uk on 5 October 2026.
Plain figures, not minus signs
Every figure on the credit note is what is being credited, written as an ordinary amount. The title says it is a credit, so a minus sign as well would read as a double negative in your customer's books. Crediting a whole invoice gives back its VAT to the penny, because the same lines go through the same arithmetic.